1 Chronicles 21:3

Authorized King James Version

And Joab answered, The LORD make his people an hundred times so many more as they be: but, my lord the king, are they not all my lord's servants? why then doth my lord require this thing? why will he be a cause of trespass to Israel?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
answered
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יוֹאָ֗ב
And Joab
joab, the name of three israelites
#3
יוֹסֵף֩
so many more
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#4
יְהוָ֨ה
The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
עַמּ֤וֹ׀
make his people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#7
כָּהֵם֙
as they
they (only used when emphatic)
#8
מֵאָ֣ה
an hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#9
פְעָמִ֔ים
times
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
#10
הֲלֹא֙
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
אֲדֹנִ֔י
are they not all my lord's
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#12
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ
the king
a king
#13
כֻּלָּ֥ם
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#14
אֲדֹנִ֔י
are they not all my lord's
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#15
לַֽעֲבָדִ֑ים
servants
a servant
#16
לָ֣מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#17
יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ
require
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#18
זֹאת֙
this (often used adverb)
#19
אֲדֹנִ֔י
are they not all my lord's
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#20
לָ֛מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#21
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#22
לְאַשְׁמָ֖ה
this thing why will he be a cause of trespass
guiltiness, a fault, the presentation of a sin-offering
#23
לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
to Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Chronicles Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection